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Photograph: Dr. Claudia Romero

Bark for Medicine and Spices

Figure 1. A market stand in Iquitos, Perú, displaying bark of various species used as medicines and spices. Commercial harvesting for these purposes is seldom intense enough to have deleterious impacts on natural populations. Nevertheless, intensification of harvesting activities can lead to declining populations due to direct and indirect effects of increased susceptibility of trees to disease and fire damage.

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